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خلاصه
توضیحPrime number theorem ratio convergence.svg
English: A plot showing how two estimates described by the prime number theorem, and converge asymptotically towards , the number of primes less than x. The x axis is and is logarithmic (labelled in evenly spaced powers of 10), going up to 1024, the largest for which is currently known. The former estimate converges extremely slowly, while the latter has visually converged on this plot by 108. Source used to generate this chart is shown below.
کسی که اثری را با این سند همراه کرده است، با چشمپوشی از تمام حقوق خود نسبت به اثر در جهان تحت قانون کپیرایت و همهٔ حقوق قانونی مرتبط یا همسایهای که او در اثر داشته است، تا حد مجاز در قانون، آن را به مالکیت عمومی اهدا کرده است. شما میتوانید بدون گرفتن اجازه این اثر را تکثیر کنید، تغییر دهید، منتشر کنید یا دوباره ایجاد کنید، حتی اگر مقاصد تجاری داشته باشید.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse
Source
All source released under CC0 waiver.
Mathematica source to generate graph (which was then saved as SVG from Mathematica):
(* Sample both functions at 600 logarithmically spaced points between \
1 and 2^40 *)
base = N[E^(24 Log[10]/600)];
ratios = Table[{Round[base^x],
N[PrimePi[Round[base^x]]/(base^x/(x*Log[base]))]}, {x, 1,
Floor[40/Log[2, base]]}];
ratiosli =
Table[{Round[base^x],
N[PrimePi[
Round[base^x]]/(LogIntegral[base^x] - LogIntegral[2])]}, {x,
Ceiling[Log[base, 2]], Floor[40/Log[2, base]]}];
(* Supplement with larger known PrimePi values that are too large for \
Mathematica to compute *)
LargePiPrime = {{10^13, 346065536839}, {10^14, 3204941750802}, {10^15,
29844570422669}, {10^16, 279238341033925}, {10^17,
2623557157654233}, {10^18, 24739954287740860}, {10^19,
234057667276344607}, {10^20, 2220819602560918840}, {10^21,
21127269486018731928}, {10^22, 201467286689315906290}, {10^23,
1925320391606803968923}, {10^24, 18435599767349200867866}};
ratios2 =
Join[ratios,
Map[{#[[1]], N[#[[2]]]/(#[[1]]/(Log[#[[1]]]))} &, LargePiPrime]];
ratiosli2 =
Join[ratiosli,
Map[{#[[1]], N[#[[2]]]/(LogIntegral[#[[1]]] - LogIntegral[2])} &,
LargePiPrime]];
(* Plot with log x axis, together with the horizontal line y=1 *)
Show[LogLinearPlot[1, {x, 1, 10^24}, PlotRange -> {0.8, 1.25}],
ListLogLinearPlot[{ratios2, ratiosli2}, Joined -> True],
LabelStyle -> FontSize -> 14]
These were converted to SVG with [1] and then the graph was embedded into the resulting document in Inkscape. Axis fonts were also converted to Liberation Serif in Inkscape.