نمایش مبدأ برای گروه محلی

{{گسترش از زبان انگلیسی|تاریخ=دسامبر ۲۰۲۳}}
'''گروه محلی''' یا '''خوشه کهکشانی محلی''' نام یکی از [[خوشه کهکشانی|خوشه‌های کهکشانی]] است که [[کهکشان راه شیری]] به همراه تعدادی از کهکشان‌های اطرافش در آن واقع شده‌اند. تعداد دقیق کهکشان های این مجموعه یافت نشده است با این حال تخمین زده می‌شود بیش از 80 کهکشان دیگر که عمدتا [[کهکشان کوتوله|کهکشان‌های کوتوله]] هستند در این گروه وجود داشته باشند. این خوشه کهکشانی خود عضوی از [[ابرخوشه سنبله]] که عضوی از [[ابرخوشه لانیاکیا]] است؛ می باشد.
[[پرونده:Local Group and nearest galaxies.jpg|بندانگشتی|گروه محلی از کهکشان ها، از جمله اعضای عظیم مسیه 31 (کهکشان آندرومدا) و راه شیری، و همچنین دیگر کهکشان های نزدیک.]]
مرکز [[گرانش|گرانشی]] گروه محلی کهکشانی جایی میان کهکشان راه شیری و [[کهکشان آندرومدا]] قرار دارد. بزرگ‌ترین کهکشان‌های این گروه محلی به ترتیب [[کهکشان آندرومدا]]، [[راه شیری|کهکشان راه شیری]] و [[کهکشان مثلث]] هستند. این دو کهکشان با فاصله 800 کیلو [[پارسک]] از نظر گرانشی به یکدیگر مقیدند و با سرعتی حدود 123 کیلومتر بر ثانیه به سمت یکدیگر در حرکتند. علاوه بر آندرومدا و کهکشان راه شیری، دو کهکشان مارپیچی دیگر،یک کهکشان بیضوی،حدود شش(یا کمی بیشتر)کهکشان نامنظم،ودوازده کهکشان کوتوله،از دیگر اعضای گروه محلی اند.بر همکنش بین اعضا،این ساختار را پایدار نگه میدارد. نزدیک ترین کهکشان های اقماری به راه کاهکشان،ابرهای ماژلانی بزرگ و کوچکند،به اختصار(LMC,SMC)

== مشخصات ==
قطر آن ۱۰ میلیون [[سال نوری]] است جرم آن <math>1.29 \times 10^12 </math> برابر جرم خورشید تخمین زده می‌شود نزدیک‌ترین خوشه کهکشانی به آن [[خوشه کهکشانی دوشیزه]] است.
[[پرونده:Local Group.JPG|thumb|640px|center|نقشه گروه کهکشانی محلی]]

== اعضا ==
[[پرونده:Local Group Galaxies Comparison.png|بندانگشتی|شماتیکی از 6 کهکشان بزرگ گروه محلی در کنار یکدیگر.

از راست به چپ: [[کهکشان آندرومدا]] (قطر 152000 سال نوری)، راه شیری (کهکشان ما)(87400 سال نوری)، [[کهکشان مثلث|کهکشان مثلث یا مسیه 33]] (61100 سال نوری)، ا[[ابر ماژلانی بزرگ|بر ماژلانی بزرگ]] (32200 سال نوری)، [[ان‌جی‌سی ۳۱۰۹|ان جی سی 3109 (]]25400 سال نوری) و [[ابر ماژلانی کوچک]] (18900 سال نوری)]]
خوشه کهکشانی محلی بیش از ۳۵ عضو دارد 
* [[کهکشان راه شیری]]
* [[کهکشان زن برزنجیر|کهکشان آندورامدا]]
* [[کهکشان مثلث]]
* [[ابر ماژلانی بزرگ]]
* [[ابر ماژلانی کوچک]]
* [[مسیه ۱۱۰]] 
* [[مسیه ۳۲]]

جدول کامل کهکشان های گروه محلی<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-24|title=Local Group|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local_Group&oldid=1220470140|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref>:
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!نام
!نوع
!صورت فلکی
!اطلاعات
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Spiral galaxy|Spiral galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda Galaxy]] (M31, NGC 224)
|SA(s)b
|[[:en:Andromeda (constellation)|Andromeda]]
|Largest galaxy in the group<ref name="ReferenceA2">{{Cite journal|last1=Kalirai|first1=Jason S.|last2=Beaton|first2=Rachael L.|last3=Geha|first3=Marla C.|author3-link=Marla Geha|last4=Gilbert|first4=Karoline M.|last5=Guhathakurta|first5=Puragra|last6=Kirby|first6=Evan N.|last7=Majewski|first7=Steven R.|last8=Ostheimer|first8=James C.|last9=Patterson|first9=Richard J.|year=2018|title=Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=873|issue=2|pages=118|arxiv=1804.11348|bibcode=2019ApJ...873..118W|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab089f|doi-access=free|last10=Wolf|first10=Joe|s2cid=85463973}}</ref>
Diameter (D<sub>25</sub> isophote): 152,000 light-years
Mass: {{val|1.5|0.5|e=12|u={{solar mass}}}}
Number of stars: ca. {{val|e=12}}.
|-
|[[:en:Milky Way|Milky Way Galaxy]]
|SBbc
|[[:en:Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]] (centre)
|Second largest galaxy in the group, which may or may not be the most massive galaxy of the group.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Watkins|first1=Laura L.|last2=van der Marel|first2=Roeland P.|last3=Sohn|first3=Sangmo Tony|last4=Evans|first4=N. Wyn|year=2019|title=Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=873|issue=2|page=118|arxiv=1804.11348|bibcode=2019ApJ...873..118W|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab089f|doi-access=free|s2cid=85463973}}</ref>
Diameter (D<sub>25</sub> isophote): 87,400 light-years
Mass:  {{val|1.54|0.1|e=12|u={{solar mass}}}}
Number of stars: {{val|2.5|1.5|e=11}}.
|-
|[[:en:Triangulum Galaxy|Triangulum Galaxy]] (M33, NGC 598)
|SA(s)cd
|[[:en:Triangulum|Triangulum]]
|Third largest, only unbarred spiral galaxy and possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.
Diameter (D<sub>25</sub> isophote): 60,000 light-years
Mass: {{val|5|e=10|u={{solar mass}}}}
Number of stars: {{val|4|e=10}}.
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Magellanic spiral|Magellanic spiral galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Large Magellanic Cloud|Large Magellanic Cloud]] (LMC)
|Irr/SB(s)m
|[[:en:Dorado|Dorado]]
|Fourth largest member of the group, satellite of Milky Way and only Magellanic Spiral Galaxy in the local group
Mass: {{val|1|e=10|u={{solar mass}}}}
Diameter (D<sub>25</sub> isophote): 32,200 light-years
|-
|[[:en:NGC 3109|NGC 3109]]
|SB(s)m
|[[:en:Hydra (constellation)|Hydra]]
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]]
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Elliptical galaxy|Elliptical galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Messier 32|M32]] (NGC 221)
|E2
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, shows signs of a supermassive black hole
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Irregular galaxy|Irregular galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte|Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte]] (WLM, DDO 221)
|Ir+
|[[:en:Cetus|Cetus]]
|Possible size between [[:en:Small Magellanic Cloud|Small Magellanic Cloud]] and [[:en:Large Magellanic Cloud|Large Magellanic Cloud]]
|-
|[[:en:IC 10|IC 10]]
|KBm or Ir+
|[[:en:Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Small Magellanic Cloud|Small Magellanic Cloud]] (SMC, NGC 292)
|SB(s)m pec
|[[:en:Tucana|Tucana]]
|Satellite of Milky Way, 6th largest galaxy in the local group
mass: 7 × 10<sup>9</sup> {{solar mass}}
|-
|[[:en:Pisces Dwarf|Pisces Dwarf]] (LGS3)
|Irr
|[[:en:Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]]
|Possible satellite of the Triangulum Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:IC 1613|IC 1613]] (UGC 668)
|IAB(s)m V
|[[:en:Cetus|Cetus]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Phoenix Dwarf|Phoenix Dwarf]]
|Irr
|[[:en:Phoenix (constellation)|Phoenix]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Leo A|Leo A]] (Leo III)
|IBm V
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Aquarius Dwarf|Aquarius Dwarf]] (DDO 210)
|IB(s)m
|[[:en:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]
|Distance 3.2&nbsp;million light years. Quite isolated in space, membership to Local Group established in 1999.<ref name="Bergh20002">{{Cite journal|last=van den Bergh|first=Sidney|date=April 2000|title=Updated Information on the Local Group|journal=The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|volume=112|issue=770|pages=529–536|arxiv=astro-ph/0001040|bibcode=2000PASP..112..529V|doi=10.1086/316548|s2cid=1805423|author-link1=Sidney van den Bergh}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy|SagDIG]] (Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy)
|IB(s)m V
|[[:en:Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|Most remote from [[:en:Barycentric coordinates (astronomy)|barycenter]] member thought to be in the Local Group.<ref name="Bergh20002" />
|-
|[[:en:NGC 6822|NGC 6822]] (Barnard's Galaxy)
|IB(s)m IV-V
|[[:en:Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy|Pegasus Dwarf]] (Pegasus Dwarf Irregular, DDO 216)
|Irr
|[[:en:Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]
|
|-
|[[:en:UGC 4879|UGC 4879]] (VV124)
|IAm
|[[:en:Ursa Major|Ursa Major]]
|One of the most isolated galaxies in Local Group. Situated at the edge of the Local Group.
|-
|[[:en:Sextans A|Sextans A]] (UGCA 205)
|Ir+V
|[[:en:Sextans|Sextans]]
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]]
|-
|[[:en:Sextans B|Sextans B]] (UGC 5373)
|Ir+IV-V
|[[:en:Sextans|Sextans]]
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]]
|-
|[[:en:Leo P|Leo P]]
|Irr
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]], extraordinarily low metallicity (Z = 0.03ZMW)
|-
|[[:en:AGC 198606|AGC 198606]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Gas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
|-
|[[:en:AGC 215417|AGC 215417]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Gas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
|-
|[[:en:AGC 219656|AGC 219656]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Gas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
|-
|[[:en:AGC 249525|AGC 249525]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Boötes|Boötes]]
|Gas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, Situated at the edge of the Local Group
|-
|[[:en:AGC 268069|AGC 268069]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Serpens|Serpens]]
|Gas-rich ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Dwarf elliptical galaxy|Dwarf elliptical galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Messier 110|M110]] (NGC 205)
|dE6p
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy and 5th largest galaxy with the mass of 9.3&nbsp;billion solar masses.
|-
|[[:en:NGC 147|NGC 147]] (DDO 3)
|dE5 pec
|Cassiopeia
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
! colspan="4" |[[:en:Dwarf spheroidal galaxy|Dwarf spheroidal galaxies]]
|-
|[[:en:Boötes I (dwarf galaxy)|Boötes I]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Boötes|Boötes]]
|
|-
|[[:en:Cetus Dwarf|Cetus Dwarf]]
|dSph/E4
|Cetus
|
|-
|[[:en:Canes Venatici I (dwarf galaxy)|Canes Venatici I Dwarf]] and [[:en:Canes Venatici II (dwarf galaxy)|Canes Venatici II Dwarf]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Canes Venatici|Canes Venatici]]
|Satellites of the Milky Way<ref name="Zucker20062">{{Cite journal|last1=Zucker|first1=D. B.|last2=Belokurov|first2=V.|last3=Evans|first3=N. W.|last4=Wilkinson|first4=M. I.|last5=Irwin|first5=M. J.|last6=Sivarani|first6=T.|last7=Hodgkin|first7=S.|last8=Bramich|first8=D. M.|last9=Irwin|first9=J. M.|year=2006|title=A New Milky Way Dwarf Satellite in Canes Venatici|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=643|issue=2|pages=L103|arxiv=astro-ph/0604354|bibcode=2006ApJ...643L.103Z|doi=10.1086/505216|last10=Gilmore|first10=G.|last11=Willman|first11=B.|last12=Vidrih|first12=S.|last13=Fellhauer|first13=M.|last14=Hewett|first14=P. C.|last15=Beers|first15=T. C.|last16=Bell|first16=E. F.|last17=Grebel|first17=E. K.|last18=Schneider|first18=D. P.|last19=Newberg|first19=H. J.|last20=Wyse|first20=R. F. G.|last21=Rockosi|first21=C. M.|author-link21=Constance M. Rockosi|last22=Yanny|first22=B.|last23=Lupton|first23=R.|last24=Smith|first24=J. A.|last25=Barentine|first25=J. C.|last26=Brewington|first26=H.|last27=Brinkmann|first27=J.|last28=Harvanek|first28=M.|last29=Kleinman|first29=S. J.|last30=Krzesinski|first30=J.|s2cid=119421888}}</ref><ref name="Martin20072">{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=N. F.|last2=De Jong|first2=J. T. A.|last3=Rix|first3=H. W.|year=2008|title=A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=684|issue=2|pages=1075–1092|arxiv=0805.2945|bibcode=2008ApJ...684.1075M|doi=10.1086/590336|s2cid=17838966}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda III|Andromeda III]]
|dE2
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:NGC 185|NGC 185]]
|dE3 pec
|Cassiopeia
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda I|Andromeda I]]
|dE3 pec
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy|Sculptor Dwarf]] (E351-G30)
|dE3
|[[:en:Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda V|Andromeda V]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda II|Andromeda II]]
|dE0
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Fornax Dwarf|Fornax Dwarf]] (E356-G04)
|dSph/E2
|[[:en:Fornax|Fornax]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Carina Dwarf|Carina Dwarf]] (E206-G220)
|dE3
|[[:en:Carina (constellation)|Carina]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Leo I (dwarf galaxy)|Leo I]] (DDO 74)
|dE3
|Leo
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Sextans Dwarf|Sextans Dwarf]]
|dE3
|Sextans
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Leo II (dwarf galaxy)|Leo II]] (Leo B)
|dE0 pec
|Leo
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Ursa Minor Dwarf|Ursa Minor Dwarf]]
|dE4
|[[:en:Ursa Minor|Ursa Minor]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Draco Dwarf|Draco Dwarf]] (DDO 208)
|dE0 pec
|[[:en:Draco (constellation)|Draco]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy|SagDSG]] (Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy)
|dSph/E7
|Sagittarius
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Tucana Dwarf|Tucana Dwarf]]
|dE5
|Tucana
|
|-
|[[:en:Cassiopeia Dwarf|Cassiopeia Dwarf]] (Andromeda VII)
|dSph
|Cassiopeia
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy|Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy]] (Andromeda VI)
|dSph
|Pegasus
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Ursa Major I Dwarf|Ursa Major I Dwarf]] and [[:en:Ursa Major II Dwarf|Ursa Major II Dwarf]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Ursa Major|Ursa Major]]
|Satellite of Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Leo IV (dwarf galaxy)|Leo IV]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Leo V (dwarf galaxy)|Leo V]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Leo T (dwarf galaxy)|Leo T]]
|dSph/Irr
|[[:en:Leo (constellation)|Leo]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Boötes II (dwarf galaxy)|Boötes II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Boötes|Boötes]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Boötes III (dwarf galaxy)|Boötes III]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Boötes|Boötes]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Boötes IV|Boötes IV]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Boötes|Boötes]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Coma Berenices (dwarf galaxy)|Coma Berenices]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Coma Berenices|Coma Berenices]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Segue 2 (dwarf galaxy)|Segue 2]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Aries (constellation)|Aries]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Hercules (dwarf galaxy)|Hercules]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Pisces II (dwarf galaxy)|Pisces II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Pisces (constellation)|Pisces]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Reticulum II (dwarf galaxy)|Reticulum II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Reticulum|Reticulum]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Reticulum III|Reticulum III]]
|dSph
|Reticulum
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Eridanus II|Eridanus II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]]
|Probable satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Grus I (dwarf galaxy)|Grus I]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Grus (constellation)|Grus]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Grus II|Grus II]]
|dSph
|Grus
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Tucana II (dwarf galaxy)|Tucana II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Tucana|Tucana]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Hydrus I|Hydrus I]]
|dSph
|Hydrus
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Draco II|Draco II]]
|dSph
|Draco
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Carina III|Carina III]]
|dSph
|Carina
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Triangulum II|Triangulum II]] (Laevens 2)
|dSph
|Triangulum
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Carina II (dwarf galaxy)|Carina II]]
|dSph
|Carina
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Pictor II|Pictor II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Pictor|Pictor]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Horologium II|Horologium II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Horologium (constellation)|Horologium]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Virgo I|Virgo I]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Aquarius II|Aquarius II]]
|dSph
|Aquarius
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Crater 2 Dwarf|Crater II]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Crater (constellation)|Crater]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Hydra II|Hydra II]]
|dSph
|Hydra
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Antlia II|Antlia II]]
|dSph
|Antlia
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Pegasus III|Pegasus III]]
|dSph
|Pegasus
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Pegasus IV|Pegasus IV]]
|dSph
|Pegasus
|Satellite of the Milky Way<ref name="Cerny20222">{{cite journal|last1=Cerny|first1=W.|last2=Simon|first2=J. D.|last3=Li|first3=T. S.|last4=Drlica-Wagner|first4=A.|last5=Pace|first5=A. B.|last6=Martínez-Vázquez|first6=C. E.|last7=Riley|first7=A. H.|last8=Mutlu-Pakdil|first8=B.|last9=Mau|first9=S.|display-authors=1|year=2023|title=Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=942|issue=2|page=111|arxiv=2203.11788|bibcode=2023ApJ...942..111C|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aca1c3|doi-access=free|last10=Ferguson|first10=P. S.|last11=Erkal|first11=D.|last12=Munoz|first12=R. R.|last13=Bom|first13=C. R.|last14=Carlin|first14=J. L.|last15=Carollo|first15=D.|last16=Choi|first16=Y.|last17=Ji|first17=A. P.|last18=Manwadkar|first18=V.|last19=Martínez-Delgado|first19=D.|last20=Miller|first20=A. E.|last21=Noël|first21=N. E. D.|last22=Sakowska|first22=J. D.|last23=Sand|first23=D. J.|last24=Stringfellow|first24=G. S.|last25=Tollerud|first25=E. J.|last26=Vivas|first26=A. K.|last27=Carballo-Bello|first27=J. A.|last28=Hernandez-Lang|first28=D.|last29=James|first29=D. J.|last30=Nidever|first30=D. L.|s2cid=247597301}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Pegasus W|Pegasus W]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]
|Recent star formation, could still be starforming
|-
|[[:en:Cetus III|Cetus III]]
|dSph
|Cetus
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Tucana B|Tucana B]]
|dSph
|Tucana
|<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sand|first1=David J.|last2=Mutlu-Pakdil|first2=Burçin|last3=Jones|first3=Michael G.|last4=Karunakaran|first4=Ananthan|last5=Wang|first5=Feige|last6=Yang|first6=Jinyi|last7=Chiti|first7=Anirudh|last8=Bennet|first8=Paul|last9=Crnojević|first9=Denija|year=2022|title=Tucana B: A Potentially Isolated and Quenched Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy at D ≈ 1.4 MPC|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=935|pages=L17|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac85ee|doi-access=free|hdl-access=free|last10=Spekkens|first10=Kristine|s2cid=251615833|hdl=10261/309130}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Perseus I Dwarf Galaxy|Perseus I Dwarf Galaxy]] (Andromeda XXXIII)
|dE
|[[:en:Perseus (constellation)|Perseus]]
|Satellite of Andromeda
|-
|[[:en:Antlia Dwarf|Antlia Dwarf]]
|dE3/dSph/Irr?
|Antlia
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]]
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda IX|Andromeda IX]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda X|Andromeda X]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XI|Andromeda XI]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XII|Andromeda XII]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XIII|Andromeda XIII]] (Pisces III)
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XIV|Andromeda XIV]] (Pisces IV)
|dSph
|Pisces
|Possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XV|Andromeda XV]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XVII|Andromeda XVII]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XIX|Andromeda XIX]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XX|Andromeda XX]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXI|Andromeda XXI]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXII|Andromeda XXII]]
|dSph
|Pisces
|Possible satellite of the Triangulum Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXIII|Andromeda XXIII]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXIV|Andromeda XXIV]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXV|Andromeda XXV]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXVI|Andromeda XXVI]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXVII|Andromeda XXVII]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, tidally disrupted<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Preston, Janet|author2=Collins, Michelle L. M.|author3=Ibata, Rodrigo A.|author4=Tollerud, Erik J.|author5=Rich, R. Michael|author6=Bonaca, Ana|author7=McConnachie, Alan W.|author8=Mackey, Dougal|author9=Lewis, Geraint F.|year=2019|title=A dwarf disrupting - Andromeda XXVII and the North West Stream|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=490|issue=2|pages=2905–2917|arxiv=1909.09661|bibcode=2019MNRAS.490.2905P|doi=10.1093/mnras/stz2529|author10=Martin, Nicolas F.|author11=Peñarrubia, Jorge|author12=Chapman, Scott C.|author13=Delorme, Maxime}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXIX|Andromeda XXIX]]
|dSph
|Pegasus
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXX|Andromeda XXX]] (Cassiopeia II)
|dSph?
|Cassiopeia
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXXI|Andromeda XXXI]] (Lacerta I)
|dSph?
|Lacerta
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXXII|Andromeda XXXII]] (Cassiopeia III)
|dSph?
|Cassiopeia
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXXIV|Andromeda XXXIV]] (Pegasus V)
|dSph
|Pegasus
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy<ref name="arXiv-2204.090682">{{cite journal|last1=Collins|first1=Michelle L. M.|last2=Charles|first2=Emily J. E.|last3=Martínez-Delgado|first3=David|last4=Monelli|first4=Matteo|last5=Karim|first5=Noushin|last6=Donatiello|first6=Giuseppe|last7=Tollerud|first7=Erik J.|last8=Boschin|first8=Walter|year=2022|title=Pegasus V/Andromeda XXXIV–a newly discovered ultrafaint dwarf galaxy on the outskirts of Andromeda|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|volume=515|issue=1|pages=L72–L77|arxiv=2204.09068|bibcode=2022MNRAS.515L..72C|doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slac063}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XVI|Andromeda XVI]] (Pisces V)
|dSph
|Pisces
|Possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXVIII|Andromeda XXVIII]]
|dSph?
|Pegasus
|Possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XXXIII|Andromeda XXXIII]] (Perseus I)
|dSph?
|Perseus
|Possible satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda XVIII|Andromeda XVIII]]
|dSph
|Andromeda
|
|-
|[[:en:Centaurus I|Centaurus I]]
|dSph
|Centaurus
|Satellite of the Milky Way<ref name="Mau20202">{{cite journal|last1=Mau|first1=S.|display-authors=etal|year=2020|title=Two Ultra-faint Milky Way Stellar Systems Discovered in Early Data from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=890|issue=2|page=136|arxiv=1912.03301|bibcode=2020ApJ...890..136M|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab6c67|doi-access=free|s2cid=208857609}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Pisces VII|Pisces VII]] (Triangulum III)
|dSph?
|Pisces
|Candidate, possible satellite of the Triangulum Galaxy<ref name="MartinezDelgado20222">{{cite journal|last1=Martínez-Delgado|first1=David|last2=Karim|first2=Noushin|last3=Charles|first3=Emily J E.|last4=Boschin|first4=Walter|last5=Monelli|first5=Matteo|last6=Collins|first6=Michelle L M.|last7=Donatiello|first7=Giuseppe|last8=Alfaro|first8=Emilio J.|year=2022|title=Pisces VII: Discovery of a possible satellite of Messier 33 in the DESI legacy imaging surveys|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=509|issue=1|pages=16–24|arxiv=2104.03859|bibcode=2022MNRAS.509...16M|doi=10.1093/mnras/stab2797}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" |Identification unclear
|-
|[[:en:Virgo Stellar Stream|Virgo Stellar Stream]]
|dSph (remnant)?
|Virgo
|In the process of merging with the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Canis Major Overdensity|Canis Major Dwarf]]
|Irr?
|[[:en:Canis Major|Canis Major]]
|Possibly a dwarf galaxy in the process of merging with the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Hydra 1|Hydra 1]]
|
|Hydra
|Possibly a dwarf galaxy in the process of merging with the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Tucana III|Tucana III]]
|dSph or cluster?
|Tucana
|Satellite of the Milky Way, tidally disrupting
|-
|[[:en:Tucana IV|Tucana IV]]
|dSph or cluster?
|Tucana
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Tucana V|Tucana V]]
|dSph or cluster?
|Tucana
|Possibly non-existent
|-
|[[:en:Columba I|Columba I]]
|dSph or cluster?
|[[:en:Columba (constellation)|Columba]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Segue 1|Segue 1]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|Leo
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Cetus II|Cetus II]]
|
|Cetus
|Likely part of Sagittarius tidal stream
|-
|[[:en:Willman 1|Willman 1]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|Ursa Major
|147,000 light-years away
|-
|[[:en:Horologium I (dwarf galaxy)|Horologium I]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|Horologium
|Satellite of the Milky Way. Not to be confused with the Horologium Supercluster.
|-
|[[:en:Pictoris I (dwarf galaxy)|Pictoris]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|Pictor
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Phoenix II (dwarf galaxy)|Phoenix II]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|[[:en:Phoenix (constellation)|Phoenix]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Kim 2|Indus I]] (Kim 2)
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|[[:en:Indus|Indus]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Eridanus III (dwarf galaxy)|Eridanus III]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|[[:en:Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]]
|Satellite of the Milky Way or SMC<ref name="Conn2">{{cite journal|last1=Conn|first1=Blair C.|last2=Jerjen|first2=Helmut|last3=Kim|first3=Dongwon|last4=Schirmer|first4=Mischa|year=2018|title=On the Nature of Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Candidates. I. DES1, Eridanus III, and Tucana V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=852|issue=2|page=68|arxiv=1712.01439|bibcode=2018ApJ...852...68C|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aa9eda|doi-access=free|s2cid=119457824}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Sagittarius II|Sagittarius II]]
|dSph or Globular Cluster
|Sagittarius
|Satellite of the Milky Way
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda VIII|Andromeda VIII]]
|dSph?
|Andromeda
|Satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy, tidally disrupting
|-
|Antlia B
|
|[[:en:Antlia|Antlia]]
|Member of [[:en:Antlia-Sextans Group|Antlia-Sextans Group]]
|-
! colspan="4" |Probable non-members
|-
|[[:en:Andromeda IV|Andromeda IV]]
|Irr
|Andromeda
|Once considered to be associated with M31. Its distance is now known to be 22 to 24 million light years (not close to the Andromeda Galaxy at all).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2015-12-andromeda-iv-solitary-gas-rich-dwarf.html|title=Andromeda IV turns out to be a solitary gas-rich dwarf galaxy|last=Nowakowski|first=Tomasz|date=22 December 2015|website=physorg|access-date=25 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:UGC 8091|GR 8]] (DDO 155)
|Im V
|[[:en:Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
|Distance 7.9&nbsp;million light years<ref name="Tolstoy19992">{{Cite book|last=Tolstoy, Eline|title=The stellar content of Local Group galaxies, Proceedings of the 192nd symposium of the International Astronomical Union|journal=The Stellar Content of Local Group Galaxies|publisher=[[Astronomical Society of the Pacific]]|year=1999|isbn=978-1886733824|editor=Patricia Whitelock|editor2=Russell Cannon|volume=192|pages=218|chapter=Detailed Star-Formation Histories of Nearby Dwarf Irregular Galaxies using HST|bibcode=1999IAUS..192..218T}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:IC 5152|IC 5152]]
|IAB(s)m IV
|[[:en:Indus (constellation)|Indus]]
|Distance 5.8&nbsp;million light years, possibly an outlying member of the local group<ref name="Z19992">{{Cite journal|last1=Ziljstra, A. A.|last2=Minniti, Dante|date=April 1999|title=A Dwarf Irregular Galaxy at the Edge of the Local Group: Stellar Populations and Distance of IC 5152|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_1999-04_117_4/page/1743|journal=[[Astronomical Journal]]|volume=117|issue=4|pages=1743–1757|arxiv=astro-ph/9812330|bibcode=1999AJ....117.1743Z|doi=10.1086/300802|s2cid=14737502}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:NGC 300|NGC 300]]
|SA(s)d
|[[:en:Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]
|Distance 6.07&nbsp;million light years
|-
|[[:en:NGC 55|NGC 55]]
|SB(s)m
|[[:en:Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]
|Distance 6.5&nbsp;million light years<ref name="Cosmicflows22">{{cite journal|author1=Tully, R. Brent|display-authors=etal|date=2013|title=Cosmicflows-2: The Data|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=146|issue=4|page=86|arxiv=1307.7213|bibcode=2013AJ....146...86T|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/146/4/86|s2cid=118494842}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:NGC 404|NGC 404]]
|E0 or SA(s)0<sup>−</sup>
|Andromeda
|Distance 10 million light years<ref name="jensenetal20032">{{Cite journal|last1=Jensen, Joseph B.|last2=Tonry, John L.|last3=Barris, Brian J.|last4=Thompson, Rodger I.|last5=Liu, Michael C.|last6=Rieke, Marcia J.|last7=Ajhar, Edward A.|last8=Blakeslee, John P.|display-authors=4|date=February 2003|title=Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=583|issue=2|pages=712–726|arxiv=astro-ph/0210129|bibcode=2003ApJ...583..712J|doi=10.1086/345430|s2cid=551714}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:NGC 1569|NGC 1569]]
|Irp+ III-IV
|Camelopardalis
|In [[:en:IC 342|IC 342]] group of galaxies. Distance 11 million light years<ref name="Grocholski20082">{{Cite journal|last1=Grocholski, Aaron J.|last2=Aloisi, Alessandra|last3=van der Marel, Roeland P.|last4=Mack, Jennifer|last5=Annibali, Francesca|last6=Angeretti, Luca|last7=Greggio, Laura|last8=Held, Enrico V.|last9=Romano, Donatella|display-authors=4|date=20 October 2008|title=A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership|journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=686|issue=2|pages=L79–L82|arxiv=0808.0153|bibcode=2008ApJ...686L..79G|doi=10.1086/592949|last10=Sirianni, Marco|last11=Tosi, Monica|name-list-style=amp|s2cid=9877496}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:NGC 1560|NGC 1560]] (IC 2062)
|Sd
|Camelopardalis
|Distance 8-12&nbsp;million light years
|-
|[[:en:Camelopardalis A|Camelopardalis A]]
|Irr
|Camelopardalis
|Distance 12 million light years<ref name="Cosmicflows22" />
|-
|[[:en:Argo Dwarf|Argo Dwarf]]
|Irr
|Carina
|
|-
|[[:en:ESO 347-8|ESO 347-8]] (2318–42)
|Irr
|[[:en:Grus (constellation)|Grus]]
|
|-
|[[:en:UKS 2323-326|UKS 2323-326]] (ESO 407-18)
|Irr
|Sculptor
|Distance 7.2 million light-years<ref name="Cosmicflows22" />
|-
|[[:en:UGC 9128|UGC 9128]] (DDO 187)
|Irp+
|Boötes
|
|-
|[[:en:KKs 3|KKs 3]]
|dSph
|[[:en:Hydrus|Hydrus]]
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Objects in the Local Group no longer recognised as galaxies
|-
|[[:en:Palomar 12|Palomar 12]] (Capricornus Dwarf)
|
|[[:en:Capricornus|Capricornus]]
|[[:en:Globular cluster|Globular cluster]] formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Palomar 4|Palomar 4]] (Ursa Major Dwarf)
|
|Ursa Major
|Globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Palomar 5|Palomar 5]] (Serpens Dwarf)
|
|[[:en:Serpens|Serpens]]
|Globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy
|-
|[[:en:Palomar 3|Palomar 3]] (Sextans C)
|
|Sculptor
|Globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Pal3&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id|title=Pal3|website=simbad.u-strasbg.fr|access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Segue 3|Segue 3]]
|
|Pegasus
|Globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy<ref name="Fadely20112">{{Cite journal|last1=Fadely|first1=R.|last2=Willman|first2=B.|last3=Geha|first3=M.|author3-link=Marla Geha|last4=Walsh|first4=S.|last5=Muñoz|first5=R. R.|last6=Jerjen|first6=H.|last7=Vargas|first7=L. C.|last8=Da Costa|first8=G. S.|year=2011|title=Segue 3: An old, extremely low luminosity star cluster in the Milky Way's halo|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=142|issue=3|pages=88|arxiv=1107.3151|bibcode=2011AJ....142...88F|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/88|s2cid=118509282}}</ref>
|-
|[[:en:Laevens 1|Laevens 1]] (Crater Dwarf)
|
|Crater
|Globular cluster formerly classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy<ref name="Voggel20162">{{cite journal|last1=Voggel|first1=Karina|last2=Hilker|first2=Michael|last3=Baumgardt|first3=Holger|last4=Collins|first4=Michelle L.M.|last5=Grebel|first5=Eva K.|last6=Husemann|first6=Bernd|last7=Richtler|first7=Tom|last8=Frank|first8=Matthias J.|year=2016|title=Probing the boundary between star clusters and dwarf galaxies: A MUSE view on the dynamics of Crater/Laevens I|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=460|issue=3|pages=3384–3397|arxiv=1604.06806|bibcode=2016MNRAS.460.3384V|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1132}}</ref>
|-
|DES J2038-4609 (Indus II)
|
|Indus
|Likely a chance alignment of stars<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cantu|first1=Sarah A.|last2=Pace|first2=Andrew B.|last3=Marshall|first3=Jennifer|last4=Strigari|first4=Louis E.|last5=Crnojevic|first5=Denija|last6=Simon|first6=Joshua D.|last7=Drlica-Wagner|first7=A.|last8=Bechtol|first8=K.|last9=Martínez-Vázquez|first9=Clara E.|display-authors=1|year=2021|title=A Deeper Look at DES Dwarf Galaxy Candidates: Grus I and Indus II|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=916|issue=2|page=81|arxiv=2005.06478|bibcode=2021ApJ...916...81C|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac0443|doi-access=free|last10=Santiago|first10=B.|last11=Amara|first11=A.|last12=Stringer|first12=K. M.|last13=Diehl|first13=H. T.|last14=Aguena|first14=M.|last15=Allam|first15=S.|last16=Avila|first16=S.|last17=Brooks|first17=D.|last18=Carnero Rosell|first18=A.|last19=Carrasco Kind|first19=M.|last20=Carretero|first20=J.|last21=Costanzi|first21=M.|last22=Da Costa|first22=L. N.|last23=De Vicente|first23=J.|last24=Desai|first24=S.|last25=Doel|first25=P.|last26=Eifler|first26=T. F.|last27=Everett|first27=S.|last28=Frieman|first28=J.|last29=García-Bellido|first29=J.|last30=Gaztanaga|first30=E.|s2cid=218628642}}</ref>
|}

== جایگاه گروه محلی در جهان قابل مشاهده ==
{{wide image|موقعیت زمین در جهان.jpg|2000px|نموداری از مکان ما در [[جهان قابل مشاهده]]. گروه محلی به عنوان «خوشهٔ کهکشانی محلی» نشان داده شده‌است. (''[[:File:Earth's Location in the Universe SMALLER (JPEG).jpg|Click here for an alternate image]].'')}}

== منابع ==
{{پانویس}}
{{یادکرد-ویکی
|پیوند = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group
|عنوان = Local Group
|زبان = انگلیسی
|بازیابی =۲۱ می ۲۰۲۰}}

{{رده انبار|Local Group}}

{{جایگاه کره زمین}}
{{راه شیری}}

{{نجوم-خرد}}

[[رده:گروه محلی]]
[[رده:ابرخوشه سنبله]]
[[رده:خوشه‌های کهکشانی]]
[[رده:کهکشان‌ها]]